Email

Own mail server? Would be awesome! If you just ask ‘why’ this tutorial is not for you 😉

Goals:

own postfix and dovecot server
support for virtual accounts
disable system accounts support
use database as account backend

1. Instalation

#debian/ubuntu
apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql dovecot-core dovecot-imapd dovecot-lmtpd dovecot-mysql sasl2-bin

1 2	#debian/ubuntu apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql dovecot-core dovecot-imapd dovecot-lmtpd dovecot-mysql sasl2-bin

General type of mail configuration: Internet Site

System mail name: domian.name

2. Mysql/MariaDB backend

First prepare backend:

mysqladmin -p create mailserver
mysql -p mailserver

GRANT SELECT ON mailserver.* TO 'mailuser'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'mailuserpass';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
CREATE TABLE `virtual_domains` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_users` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `password` varchar(106) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),
  FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_aliases` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `source` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `destination` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains`
  (`id` ,`name`)
VALUES
  ('1', 'example.com'),
  ('2', 'mail.example.com');

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_users`
  (`id`, `domain_id`, `password` , `email`)
VALUES
  ('1', '1', ENCRYPT('123456', CONCAT('$6$', SUBSTRING(SHA(RAND()), -16))), 'mail@example.com');

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`
  (`id`, `domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)
VALUES
  ('1', '1', 'admin@example.com', 'mail@example.com'),
  ('2', '1', 'webmaster@example.com', 'mail@example.com'),
  ('3', '1', 'root@example.com', 'mail@example.com');

mysqladmin -p create mailserver

mysql -p mailserver

GRANT SELECT ON mailserver.* TO 'mailuser'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'mailuserpass';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_domains` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_users` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

`password` varchar(106) NOT NULL,

`email` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),

FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_aliases` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

`source` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

`destination` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains`

(`id` ,`name`)

VALUES

('1', 'example.com'),

('2', 'mail.example.com');

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_users`

(`id`, `domain_id`, `password` , `email`)

VALUES

('1', '1', ENCRYPT('123456', CONCAT('$6$', SUBSTRING(SHA(RAND()), -16))), 'mail@example.com');

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`

(`id`, `domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)

VALUES

('1', '1', 'admin@example.com', 'mail@example.com'),

('2', '1', 'webmaster@example.com', 'mail@example.com'),

('3', '1', 'root@example.com', 'mail@example.com');

Most important postfix config file main.cf

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version

# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes

#Enabling SMTP for authenticated users, and handing off authentication to Dovecot
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes

smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
        permit_sasl_authenticated,
        permit_mynetworks,
        reject_unauth_destination

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.

myhostname = hostname.example.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
#mydestination = example.com, hostname.example.com, localhost.example.com, localhost
mydestination = localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all

#Handing off local delivery to Dovecot's LMTP, and telling it where to store mail
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp

#Virtual domains, users, and aliases
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,
        mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version

# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first

# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default

# is /etc/mailname.

#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)

biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.

append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings

#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

# TLS parameters

smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem

smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem

smtpd_use_tls=yes

smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes

#Enabling SMTP for authenticated users, and handing off authentication to Dovecot

smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot

smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth

smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes

smtpd_recipient_restrictions =

permit_sasl_authenticated,

permit_mynetworks,

reject_unauth_destination

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for

# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.

myhostname = hostname.example.com

alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases

alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases

myorigin = /etc/mailname

#mydestination = example.com, hostname.example.com, localhost.example.com, localhost

mydestination = localhost

relayhost =

mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128

mailbox_size_limit = 0

recipient_delimiter = +

inet_interfaces = all

#Handing off local delivery to Dovecot's LMTP, and telling it where to store mail

virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp

#Virtual domains, users, and aliases

virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf

virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf

virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,

mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf

Next let us create configuration files for virtual account support:

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
user = mailuser
password = mailuserpass
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_domains WHERE name='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
user = mailuser
password = mailuserpass
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
user = mailuser
password = mailuserpass
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT destination FROM virtual_aliases WHERE source='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf
user = mailuser
password = mailuserpass
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT email FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf

user = mailuser

password = mailuserpass

hosts = 127.0.0.1

dbname = mailserver

query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_domains WHERE name='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf

user = mailuser

password = mailuserpass

hosts = 127.0.0.1

dbname = mailserver

query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf

user = mailuser

password = mailuserpass

hosts = 127.0.0.1

dbname = mailserver

query = SELECT destination FROM virtual_aliases WHERE source='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf

user = mailuser

password = mailuserpass

hosts = 127.0.0.1

dbname = mailserver

query = SELECT email FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'

Restart postfix:

service postfix restart

1	service postfix restart

This will test if postfix ‘see’ virtual account from database:

postmap -q example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
postmap -q mail@example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
postmap -q webmaster@example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf

postmap -q example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf

postmap -q mail@example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf

postmap -q webmaster@example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf

Next we need to edit other postfix config file master.cf

vim /etc/postfix/master.cf 

#
# Postfix master process configuration file.  For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp      inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
#smtp      inet  n       -       -       -       1       postscreen
#smtpd     pass  -       -       -       -       -       smtpd
#dnsblog   unix  -       -       -       -       0       dnsblog
#tlsproxy  unix  -       -       -       -       0       tlsproxy
submission inet n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps     inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

#628       inet  n       -       -       -       -       qmqpd
pickup    unix  n       -       -       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      unix  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
#qmgr     unix  n       -       n       300     1       oqmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       -       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       -       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       -       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       -       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
proxywrite unix -       -       n       -       1       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       -       -       -       smtp
relay     unix  -       -       -       -       -       smtp
#       -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq     unix  n       -       -       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       -       -       -       error
retry     unix  -       -       -       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       -       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       -       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       -       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       -       -       1       scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent.  See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
#   lmtp    cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
#  mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#  virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix  -       n       n       -       2       pipe
  flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
  ${nexthop} ${user}

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vim /etc/postfix/master.cf

# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format

# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").

# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.

# ==========================================================================

# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args

# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)

# ==========================================================================

smtp inet n - - - - smtpd

#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen

#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd

#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog

#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy

submission inet n - - - - smtpd

-o syslog_name=postfix/submission

-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt

-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes

-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject

-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

smtps inet n - - - - smtpd

-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps

-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes

-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes

-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject

-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd

pickup unix n - - 60 1 pickup

cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup

qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr

#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr

tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr

rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite

bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce

defer unix - - - - 0 bounce

trace unix - - - - 0 bounce

verify unix - - - - 1 verify

flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush

proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap

proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap

smtp unix - - - - - smtp

relay unix - - - - - smtp

# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5

showq unix n - - - - showq

error unix - - - - - error

retry unix - - - - - error

discard unix - - - - - discard

local unix - n n - - local

virtual unix - n n - - virtual

lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp

anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil

scache unix - - - - 1 scache

# ====================================================================

# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual

# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.

# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery

# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}

# and other message envelope options.

# ====================================================================

# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.

# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1

maildrop unix - n n - - pipe

flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}

# ====================================================================

# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.

# Specify in cyrus.conf:

# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4

# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:

# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost

# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost

# ====================================================================

# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)

# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1

#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe

# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}

# ====================================================================

# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.

#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe

# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}

# ====================================================================

# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.

uucp unix - n n - - pipe

flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)

# Other external delivery methods.

ifmail unix - n n - - pipe

flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)

bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe

flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient

scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe

flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}

mailman unix - n n - - pipe

flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py

${nexthop} ${user}

This looked scary but to be sure I included full config file, because there could be changes made in newest version to default config files.

Just reset postfix because we finish configure him 🙂

service postfix restart

1	service postfix restart

3. Dovecot

First we make backup of files that we will edit:

cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf.orig

Edit dovecot.conf

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
---
## Dovecot configuration file

# If you're in a hurry, see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/QuickConfiguration

# "doveconf -n" command gives a clean output of the changed settings. Use it
# instead of copy&pasting files when posting to the Dovecot mailing list.

# '#' character and everything after it is treated as comments. Extra spaces
# and tabs are ignored. If you want to use either of these explicitly, put the
# value inside quotes, eg.: key = "# char and trailing whitespace  "

# Default values are shown for each setting, it's not required to uncomment
# those. These are exceptions to this though: No sections (e.g. namespace {})
# or plugin settings are added by default, they're listed only as examples.
# Paths are also just examples with the real defaults being based on configure
# options. The paths listed here are for configure --prefix=/usr
# --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var

# Enable installed protocols
!include_try /usr/share/dovecot/protocols.d/*.protocol
protocols = imap lmtp

# A comma separated list of IPs or hosts where to listen in for connections. 
# "*" listens in all IPv4 interfaces, "::" listens in all IPv6 interfaces.
# If you want to specify non-default ports or anything more complex,
# edit conf.d/master.conf.
#listen = *, ::

# Base directory where to store runtime data.
#base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/

# Name of this instance. Used to prefix all Dovecot processes in ps output.
#instance_name = dovecot

# Greeting message for clients.
#login_greeting = Dovecot ready.

# Space separated list of trusted network ranges. Connections from these
# IPs are allowed to override their IP addresses and ports (for logging and
# for authentication checks). disable_plaintext_auth is also ignored for
# these networks. Typically you'd specify the IMAP proxy servers here.
#login_trusted_networks =

# Sepace separated list of login access check sockets (e.g. tcpwrap)
#login_access_sockets = 

# Show more verbose process titles (in ps). Currently shows user name and
# IP address. Useful for seeing who are actually using the IMAP processes
# (eg. shared mailboxes or if same uid is used for multiple accounts).
#verbose_proctitle = no

# Should all processes be killed when Dovecot master process shuts down.
# Setting this to "no" means that Dovecot can be upgraded without
# forcing existing client connections to close (although that could also be
# a problem if the upgrade is e.g. because of a security fix).
#shutdown_clients = yes

# If non-zero, run mail commands via this many connections to doveadm server,
# instead of running them directly in the same process.
#doveadm_worker_count = 0
# UNIX socket or host:port used for connecting to doveadm server
#doveadm_socket_path = doveadm-server

# Space separated list of environment variables that are preserved on Dovecot
# startup and passed down to all of its child processes. You can also give
# key=value pairs to always set specific settings.
#import_environment = TZ

##
## Dictionary server settings
##

# Dictionary can be used to store key=value lists. This is used by several
# plugins. The dictionary can be accessed either directly or though a
# dictionary server. The following dict block maps dictionary names to URIs
# when the server is used. These can then be referenced using URIs in format
# "proxy::<name>".

dict {
  #quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
  #expire = sqlite:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
}

# Most of the actual configuration gets included below. The filenames are
# first sorted by their ASCII value and parsed in that order. The 00-prefixes
# in filenames are intended to make it easier to understand the ordering.
!include conf.d/*.conf

# A config file can also tried to be included without giving an error if
# it's not found:
!include_try local.conf

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

---

## Dovecot configuration file

# If you're in a hurry, see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/QuickConfiguration

# "doveconf -n" command gives a clean output of the changed settings. Use it

# instead of copy&pasting files when posting to the Dovecot mailing list.

# '#' character and everything after it is treated as comments. Extra spaces

# and tabs are ignored. If you want to use either of these explicitly, put the

# value inside quotes, eg.: key = "# char and trailing whitespace "

# Default values are shown for each setting, it's not required to uncomment

# those. These are exceptions to this though: No sections (e.g. namespace {})

# or plugin settings are added by default, they're listed only as examples.

# Paths are also just examples with the real defaults being based on configure

# options. The paths listed here are for configure --prefix=/usr

# --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var

# Enable installed protocols

!include_try /usr/share/dovecot/protocols.d/*.protocol

protocols = imap lmtp

# A comma separated list of IPs or hosts where to listen in for connections.

# "*" listens in all IPv4 interfaces, "::" listens in all IPv6 interfaces.

# If you want to specify non-default ports or anything more complex,

# edit conf.d/master.conf.

#listen = *, ::

# Base directory where to store runtime data.

#base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/

# Name of this instance. Used to prefix all Dovecot processes in ps output.

#instance_name = dovecot

# Greeting message for clients.

#login_greeting = Dovecot ready.

# Space separated list of trusted network ranges. Connections from these

# IPs are allowed to override their IP addresses and ports (for logging and

# for authentication checks). disable_plaintext_auth is also ignored for

# these networks. Typically you'd specify the IMAP proxy servers here.

#login_trusted_networks =

# Sepace separated list of login access check sockets (e.g. tcpwrap)

#login_access_sockets =

# Show more verbose process titles (in ps). Currently shows user name and

# IP address. Useful for seeing who are actually using the IMAP processes

# (eg. shared mailboxes or if same uid is used for multiple accounts).

#verbose_proctitle = no

# Should all processes be killed when Dovecot master process shuts down.

# Setting this to "no" means that Dovecot can be upgraded without

# forcing existing client connections to close (although that could also be

# a problem if the upgrade is e.g. because of a security fix).

#shutdown_clients = yes

# If non-zero, run mail commands via this many connections to doveadm server,

# instead of running them directly in the same process.

#doveadm_worker_count = 0

# UNIX socket or host:port used for connecting to doveadm server

#doveadm_socket_path = doveadm-server

# Space separated list of environment variables that are preserved on Dovecot

# startup and passed down to all of its child processes. You can also give

# key=value pairs to always set specific settings.

#import_environment = TZ

## Dictionary server settings

# Dictionary can be used to store key=value lists. This is used by several

# plugins. The dictionary can be accessed either directly or though a

# dictionary server. The following dict block maps dictionary names to URIs

# when the server is used. These can then be referenced using URIs in format

# "proxy::<name>".

dict {

#quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext

#expire = sqlite:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext

}

# Most of the actual configuration gets included below. The filenames are

# first sorted by their ASCII value and parsed in that order. The 00-prefixes

# in filenames are intended to make it easier to understand the ordering.

!include conf.d/*.conf

# A config file can also tried to be included without giving an error if

# it's not found:

!include_try local.conf

Let us comment and uncomment lines according with this code:

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
---
mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n
...
mail_privileged_group = mail
---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
--
disable_plaintext_auth = yes
...
auth_mechanisms = plain login
...
#!include auth-system.conf.ext
!include auth-sql.conf.ext
--

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext
---
passdb {
  driver = sql
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
}
userdb {
  driver = static
  args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n
}
---

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
---
driver = mysql
connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=mailserver user=mailuser password=mailuserpass
default_pass_scheme = SHA512-CRYPT
password_query = SELECT email as user, password FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%u';
---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
---
#default_process_limit = 100
#default_client_limit = 1000

# Default VSZ (virtual memory size) limit for service processes. This is mainly
# intended to catch and kill processes that leak memory before they eat up
# everything.
#default_vsz_limit = 256M

# Login user is internally used by login processes. This is the most untrusted
# user in Dovecot system. It shouldn't have access to anything at all.
#default_login_user = dovenull

# Internal user is used by unprivileged processes. It should be separate from
# login user, so that login processes can't disturb other processes.
#default_internal_user = dovecot

service imap-login {
  inet_listener imap {
    #port = 0
  }
  inet_listener imaps {
    port = 993
    ssl = yes
  }

  # Number of connections to handle before starting a new process. Typically
  # the only useful values are 0 (unlimited) or 1. 1 is more secure, but 0
  # is faster. <doc/wiki/LoginProcess.txt>
  #service_count = 1

  # Number of processes to always keep waiting for more connections.
  #process_min_avail = 0

  # If you set service_count=0, you probably need to grow this.
  #vsz_limit = 64M
}

service pop3-login {
  inet_listener pop3 {
    port = 0
  }
  inet_listener pop3s {
    #port = 995
    #ssl = yes
  }
}

service lmtp {
 unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
   mode = 0600
   user = postfix
   group = postfix
  }
  # Create inet listener only if you can't use the above UNIX socket
  #inet_listener lmtp {
    # Avoid making LMTP visible for the entire internet
    #address =
    #port = 
  #}
}

service imap {
  # Most of the memory goes to mmap()ing files. You may need to increase this
  # limit if you have huge mailboxes.
  #vsz_limit = 256M

  # Max. number of IMAP processes (connections)
  #process_limit = 1024
}

service pop3 {
  # Max. number of POP3 processes (connections)
  #process_limit = 1024
}

service auth {
  # auth_socket_path points to this userdb socket by default. It's typically
  # used by dovecot-lda, doveadm, possibly imap process, etc. Its default
  # permissions make it readable only by root, but you may need to relax these
  # permissions. Users that have access to this socket are able to get a list
  # of all usernames and get results of everyone's userdb lookups.
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
    mode = 0666
    user = postfix
    group = postfix
  }

  unix_listener auth-userdb {
    mode = 0600
    user = vmail
    #group = vmail
  }

  # Postfix smtp-auth
  #unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
  #  mode = 0666
  #}

  # Auth process is run as this user.
  user = dovecot
}

service auth-worker {
  # Auth worker process is run as root by default, so that it can access
  # /etc/shadow. If this isn't necessary, the user should be changed to
  # $default_internal_user.
  user = vmail
}

service dict {
  # If dict proxy is used, mail processes should have access to its socket.
  # For example: mode=0660, group=vmail and global mail_access_groups=vmail
  unix_listener dict {
    #mode = 0600
    #user = 
    #group = 
  }
}
---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf 
---
ssl = required
...
ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/mail.crt
ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/mail.key
---

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vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf

---

mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n

...

mail_privileged_group = mail

---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf

disable_plaintext_auth = yes

...

auth_mechanisms = plain login

...

#!include auth-system.conf.ext

!include auth-sql.conf.ext

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext

---

passdb {

driver = sql

args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext

}

userdb {

driver = static

args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n

}

---

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext

---

driver = mysql

connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=mailserver user=mailuser password=mailuserpass

default_pass_scheme = SHA512-CRYPT

password_query = SELECT email as user, password FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%u';

---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf

---

#default_process_limit = 100

#default_client_limit = 1000

# Default VSZ (virtual memory size) limit for service processes. This is mainly

# intended to catch and kill processes that leak memory before they eat up

# everything.

#default_vsz_limit = 256M

# Login user is internally used by login processes. This is the most untrusted

# user in Dovecot system. It shouldn't have access to anything at all.

#default_login_user = dovenull

# Internal user is used by unprivileged processes. It should be separate from

# login user, so that login processes can't disturb other processes.

#default_internal_user = dovecot

service imap-login {

inet_listener imap {

#port = 0

}

inet_listener imaps {

port = 993

ssl = yes

}

# Number of connections to handle before starting a new process. Typically

# the only useful values are 0 (unlimited) or 1. 1 is more secure, but 0

# is faster. <doc/wiki/LoginProcess.txt>

#service_count = 1

# Number of processes to always keep waiting for more connections.

#process_min_avail = 0

# If you set service_count=0, you probably need to grow this.

#vsz_limit = 64M

}

service pop3-login {

inet_listener pop3 {

port = 0

}

inet_listener pop3s {

#port = 995

#ssl = yes

}

service lmtp {

unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {

mode = 0600

user = postfix

group = postfix

}

# Create inet listener only if you can't use the above UNIX socket

#inet_listener lmtp {

# Avoid making LMTP visible for the entire internet

#address =

#port =

}

service imap {

# Most of the memory goes to mmap()ing files. You may need to increase this

# limit if you have huge mailboxes.

#vsz_limit = 256M

# Max. number of IMAP processes (connections)

#process_limit = 1024

}

service pop3 {

# Max. number of POP3 processes (connections)

#process_limit = 1024

}

service auth {

# auth_socket_path points to this userdb socket by default. It's typically

# used by dovecot-lda, doveadm, possibly imap process, etc. Its default

# permissions make it readable only by root, but you may need to relax these

# permissions. Users that have access to this socket are able to get a list

# of all usernames and get results of everyone's userdb lookups.

unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {

mode = 0666

user = postfix

group = postfix

}

unix_listener auth-userdb {

mode = 0600

user = vmail

#group = vmail

}

# Postfix smtp-auth

#unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {

# mode = 0666

# Auth process is run as this user.

user = dovecot

}

service auth-worker {

# Auth worker process is run as root by default, so that it can access

# /etc/shadow. If this isn't necessary, the user should be changed to

# $default_internal_user.

user = vmail

}

service dict {

# If dict proxy is used, mail processes should have access to its socket.

# For example: mode=0660, group=vmail and global mail_access_groups=vmail

unix_listener dict {

#mode = 0600

#user =

#group =

}

---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf

---

ssl = required

...

ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/mail.crt

ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/mail.key

---

We need to create vmail account

groupadd -g 5000 vmail
useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /var/mail
mkdir -p /var/mail/vhosts/example.com/
chown -R vmail:vmail /var/mail
chown -R vmail:dovecot /etc/dovecot
chmod -R o-rwx /etc/dovecot

groupadd -g 5000 vmail

useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /var/mail

mkdir -p /var/mail/vhosts/example.com/

chown -R vmail:vmail /var/mail

chown -R vmail:dovecot /etc/dovecot

chmod -R o-rwx /etc/dovecot

Restart dovecot

service dovecot restart

1	service dovecot restart

4. Adding more account to backend

mysql -u root -p mailserver

#domena
INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains`
  (`name`)
VALUES
  ('newdomain.com');

#konto
INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_users`
  (`domain_id`, `password` , `email`)
VALUES
  ('5', ENCRYPT('newpassword', CONCAT('$6$', SUBSTRING(SHA(RAND()), -16))) , 'email3@newdomain.com');

#alias
INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`
  (`domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)
VALUES
  ('5', 'alias@newdomain.com', 'myemail@gmail.com');

#alias łapiący wszystko dla domeny
INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`
  (`domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)
VALUES
  ('5', '@newdomain.com', 'myemail@gmail.com');

mysql -u root -p mailserver

#domena

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains`

(`name`)

VALUES

('newdomain.com');

#konto

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_users`

(`domain_id`, `password` , `email`)

VALUES

('5', ENCRYPT('newpassword', CONCAT('$6$', SUBSTRING(SHA(RAND()), -16))) , 'email3@newdomain.com');

#alias

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`

(`domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)

VALUES

('5', 'alias@newdomain.com', 'myemail@gmail.com');

#alias łapiący wszystko dla domeny

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`

(`domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)

VALUES

('5', '@newdomain.com', 'myemail@gmail.com');

5. SPAM

If you are interested, there are some post about way to fight with spam:

Fight against spam part 1 – Postfix SPF

Fight against spam part 2 – Postfix DKIM

Fight against spam part 3 – Postfix DMARC

Fight against spam part 4 – Postfix SpamAssassin

Fight against spam part 5 – Dovecot Sieve

blog.monogatari.pl

Fight against spam part 5 – Dovecot Sieve

Linux – Viewing emails with mailq and postcat

Dovecot – Proper IDLE timeout for android phones

Mikrotik – Send email with information about clients connecting to WiFi network

Postfix i Dovecot – perfect duo for mail server

February 2019
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