Linux – Wyświetlanie emailu za pomocą mailq i postcat

Jeżeli używamy postfixa możemy wykorzystać narzędzia, które są jego częścią do przeglądania korespondencji, która przez niego przechodzi:

#  wyświetl listę wszystkich maili w kolejce
mailq

# wyświetl konkretną wiadomość (maila) podając jego ID (ID uzyskamy poprzez mailq)
postcat -vq [message-id]

# wymuś natychmiastowe przetwarzanie kolejki 
postqueue -f 

# usuń WSZYSTKIE wiadomości w kolejce (użyteczne gdy coś dzieje się nie tak np. bot-spammer)
postsuper -d ALL

# wyświetl listę wszystkich maili w kolejce

mailq

# wyświetl konkretną wiadomość (maila) podając jego ID (ID uzyskamy poprzez mailq)

postcat -vq [message-id]

# wymuś natychmiastowe przetwarzanie kolejki

postqueue -f

# usuń WSZYSTKIE wiadomości w kolejce (użyteczne gdy coś dzieje się nie tak np. bot-spammer)

postsuper -d ALL

Walka ze spamem cz.5 – Dovecot Sieve

Korzystając z poprzednich wpisów, uruchomiliśmy 4 narzędzia, których celem jest zatrzymanie spamu, jak i identyfikacja tych pojedynczych maili, które się przedostaną czy są częścią spam-sieci 😉

Ale w rzeczywistości, jeżeli spam do nas trafi, znajdować będzie się w skrzynce odbiorczej, gdyż żadne z skonfigurowanych przez nas narzędzi nie manipuluje wiadomościami email i ich lokalizacją.

Jeżeli skorzystaliście z wpisu dotyczącego skonfigurowania własnego serwera poczty, znaczy to, że wykorzystujecie Dovecot jako pośrednika w zarządzaniu mailami poprzez IMAP. Sieve jest swego rodzaju dodatkiem, który sukcesywnie przenosi maile między folderami.

Instalacja;

#debian/ubuntu
apt-get install dovecot-sieve

1 2	#debian/ubuntu apt-get install dovecot-sieve

#vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-lda.conf

...
protocol lda {
  # Space separated list of plugins to load (default is global mail_plugins).
  mail_plugins = $mail_plugins sieve
}
...

#vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-lda.conf

...

protocol lda {

# Space separated list of plugins to load (default is global mail_plugins).

mail_plugins = $mail_plugins sieve

}

...

#vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/90-sieve.conf

...
sieve_before = /var/mail/SpamToJunk.sieve
...

#vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/90-sieve.conf

...

sieve_before = /var/mail/SpamToJunk.sieve

...

Już prawie:

#vim /var/mail/SpamToJunk.sieve

require "fileinto";
if header :comparator "i;ascii-casemap" :contains "X-Spam-Flag" "YES"  {
    fileinto "Junk";
    stop;
}

#vim /var/mail/SpamToJunk.sieve

require "fileinto";

if header :comparator "i;ascii-casemap" :contains "X-Spam-Flag" "YES" {

fileinto "Junk";

stop;

}

Niech sieve wciągnie sobie filtr:

sievec /var/mail/SpamToJunk.sieve

1	sievec /var/mail/SpamToJunk.sieve

I jesteśmy gotowi:

/etc/init.d/dovecot restart

1	/etc/init.d/dovecot restart

Teraz jeżeli SpamAssassin oznaczy jakiś mail trafi on do folderu JUNK/Śmieci

Pozostałe wpisy dotyczące tego cyklu:

Posftix i Dovecot – Idealny duet tworzący serwer poczty

Walka ze spamem cz.1 – Postfix SPF

Walka ze spamem cz.2 – Postfix DKIM

Walka ze spamem cz.3 – Postfix DMARC

Walka ze spamem cz.4 – Postfix SpamAssassin

Dovecot – Poprawienie IDLE timeout dla Androidów

Jeżeli korzystasz z własnego serwera poczty, w tym imap, a maile sprawdzasz na urządzeniach z androidem, możesz zaobserwować (chociaż niekoniecznie) spadem w długości życia urządzenia na jednym ładowaniu. Objawia się to krótszym czasem działania oraz przedewszystkim tym, że aplikacja do emaila np. k-9 jest jedną z pierwszych aplikacji, która widnieje na liście aplikacji zużywających najwięcej baterii.

Nie jest wykluczone, że problem nie leży po stronie samej aplikacji, a winien jest źle skonfigurowany serwer poczty. Domyślnie DoveCot czas bezczynności połaczenia IMAP ma ustawiony na wartość 2 minut, znaczy to, że co 2 minuty klient pocztowy odpytuje serwer poczty, czy nie pojawiły się nowe wiadomości. Oczywiste jest, że czym mniejszy interwał czasu tym większe zużycie baterii.

Możemy sprawdzić nasz serwer pod tym kontem korzystając z komendy:

openssl s_client -connect mail.server.address:993
a login <USER> <PASSWORD>
a IDLE

openssl s_client -connect mail.server.address:993

a login <USER> <PASSWORD>

a IDLE

Powinniśmy uzyskać taki rezultat:

+ idling
* OK Still here

1 2	+ idling * OK Still here

Interwał pomiędzy poszczególnymi „OK still here” to czas bezczynności. Domyślnie to 2 minuty.

Zmienimy to zachowanie poprzez edycję pliku:

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-imap.conf
imap_idle_notify_interval= 29 mins

1 2	vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-imap.conf imap_idle_notify_interval= 29 mins

systemctl restart dovecot.service

Zrobione!

Mikrotik – Wysyłanie informacji o klientach łączących się do sieci WiFi

Urządzenia Mikrotik dają bardzo duże możliwości konfiguracyjne, oto bardzo prosty sposób w jaki uzyskać automatyczne rejestrowanie wszelkich logowań/wylogowań z sieci wifi, a następnie w postaci raportu raz dziennie przesłać je na dowolnego maila.

Zakładam, że macie skonfigurowaną opcję wysyłania maili.

Należy ustawić temat logów, które chcemy rejestrowac do pliku (np. wifi.log):

#winbox
system > logging > actions > add > wifilog, type:disk, filename: wifi.log
system > logging > rules > add > topics: wireless, info action: wifilog

#console
/system logging action add name=wifilog disk-file-name=wifi.log target=disk
/system logging add action=wifilog topics=wireless

#winbox

system > logging > actions > add > wifilog, type:disk, filename: wifi.log

system > logging > rules > add > topics: wireless, info action: wifilog

#console

/system logging action add name=wifilog disk-file-name=wifi.log target=disk

/system logging add action=wifilog topics=wireless

Następnie tworzymy skrypt którego celem będzie utworzenie kopii logu, wysłanie go, usunięcie kopii oraz usunięcie używanego użytkownika w celu zachowania wysokiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa:

#winbox 
system > scripts > add > name: event_wifi

#console
/system script add name=event_wifi

#wklejamy zawartość skryptu:
/user group add name=wifi policy=ftp,read comment="wifi log"
/user add name=wifi group=wifi address=127.0.0.1 comment="wifi log" password=your_password disabled=no
/tool fetch address=127.0.0.1 mode=ftp user=wifi password=your_password src-path=wifi.log.0.txt dst-path=wifi34.txt
:delay 10
/tool e-mail send file=wifi.txt to="your_email@example.com" body="raport" subject=([/system identity get name] . " " . [/system clock get time] . " " . [/system clock get date] . " WiFi Log")
/file set wifi.log.0.txt contents=""
:delay 30
/file remove wifi.txt
/user remove "wifi"
/user group remove "wifi"

#winbox

system > scripts > add > name: event_wifi

#console

/system script add name=event_wifi

#wklejamy zawartość skryptu:

/user group add name=wifi policy=ftp,read comment="wifi log"

/user add name=wifi group=wifi address=127.0.0.1 comment="wifi log" password=your_password disabled=no

/tool fetch address=127.0.0.1 mode=ftp user=wifi password=your_password src-path=wifi.log.0.txt dst-path=wifi34.txt

:delay 10

/tool e-mail send file=wifi.txt to="your_email@example.com" body="raport" subject=([/system identity get name] . " " . [/system clock get time] . " " . [/system clock get date] . " WiFi Log")

/file set wifi.log.0.txt contents=""

:delay 30

/file remove wifi.txt

/user remove "wifi"

/user group remove "wifi"

Pamiętajmy, aby ustawić w harmonogramie uruchamianie skryput raz dziennie:

#winbox
system > scheduler > add > name: wifi interval: 24:00:00 on event: event_wifi

#console
/system scheduler add name=wifi interval=24:00:00 on-event=event_wifi

#winbox

system > scheduler > add > name: wifi interval: 24:00:00 on event: event_wifi

#console

/system scheduler add name=wifi interval=24:00:00 on-event=event_wifi

Postfix i Dovecot – Idealny duet tworzący serwer poczty

Własny serwer email? Było by super! Jeżeli pytasz po co to nie projekt dla Ciebie 😉

Założenia:

własny postfix i dovecot
obsługa kont wirtualnych
wyłączenie obsługi kont systemowych
wykorzystanie bazy danych jako backendu dla kont

1. Instalacja

#debian/ubuntu
apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql dovecot-core dovecot-imapd dovecot-lmtpd dovecot-mysql sasl2-bin

1 2	#debian/ubuntu apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql dovecot-core dovecot-imapd dovecot-lmtpd dovecot-mysql sasl2-bin

General type of mail configuration: Internet Site

System mail name: domian.name

2. Mysql/MariaDB backend

Przygotujmy backend:

mysqladmin -p create mailserver
mysql -p mailserver

GRANT SELECT ON mailserver.* TO 'mailuser'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'mailuserpass';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
CREATE TABLE `virtual_domains` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_users` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `password` varchar(106) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),
  FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_aliases` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `source` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `destination` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains`
  (`id` ,`name`)
VALUES
  ('1', 'example.com'),
  ('2', 'mail.example.com');

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_users`
  (`id`, `domain_id`, `password` , `email`)
VALUES
  ('1', '1', ENCRYPT('123456', CONCAT('$6$', SUBSTRING(SHA(RAND()), -16))), 'mail@example.com');

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`
  (`id`, `domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)
VALUES
  ('1', '1', 'admin@example.com', 'mail@example.com'),
  ('2', '1', 'webmaster@example.com', 'mail@example.com'),
  ('3', '1', 'root@example.com', 'mail@example.com');

mysqladmin -p create mailserver

mysql -p mailserver

GRANT SELECT ON mailserver.* TO 'mailuser'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'mailuserpass';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_domains` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_users` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

`password` varchar(106) NOT NULL,

`email` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),

FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `virtual_aliases` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL,

`source` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

`destination` varchar(100) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains`

(`id` ,`name`)

VALUES

('1', 'example.com'),

('2', 'mail.example.com');

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_users`

(`id`, `domain_id`, `password` , `email`)

VALUES

('1', '1', ENCRYPT('123456', CONCAT('$6$', SUBSTRING(SHA(RAND()), -16))), 'mail@example.com');

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`

(`id`, `domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)

VALUES

('1', '1', 'admin@example.com', 'mail@example.com'),

('2', '1', 'webmaster@example.com', 'mail@example.com'),

('3', '1', 'root@example.com', 'mail@example.com');

Najważniejszy plik konfiguracyjny main.cf

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version

# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes

#Enabling SMTP for authenticated users, and handing off authentication to Dovecot
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes

smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
        permit_sasl_authenticated,
        permit_mynetworks,
        reject_unauth_destination

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.

myhostname = hostname.example.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
#mydestination = example.com, hostname.example.com, localhost.example.com, localhost
mydestination = localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all

#Handing off local delivery to Dovecot's LMTP, and telling it where to store mail
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp

#Virtual domains, users, and aliases
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,
        mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version

# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first

# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default

# is /etc/mailname.

#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)

biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.

append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings

#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

# TLS parameters

smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem

smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem

smtpd_use_tls=yes

smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes

#Enabling SMTP for authenticated users, and handing off authentication to Dovecot

smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot

smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth

smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes

smtpd_recipient_restrictions =

permit_sasl_authenticated,

permit_mynetworks,

reject_unauth_destination

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for

# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.

myhostname = hostname.example.com

alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases

alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases

myorigin = /etc/mailname

#mydestination = example.com, hostname.example.com, localhost.example.com, localhost

mydestination = localhost

relayhost =

mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128

mailbox_size_limit = 0

recipient_delimiter = +

inet_interfaces = all

#Handing off local delivery to Dovecot's LMTP, and telling it where to store mail

virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp

#Virtual domains, users, and aliases

virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf

virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf

virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,

mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf

Następnie utwórzmy pliki z konfiguracją skrzynek wirtualnych:

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
user = mailuser
password = mailuserpass
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_domains WHERE name='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
user = mailuser
password = mailuserpass
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
user = mailuser
password = mailuserpass
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT destination FROM virtual_aliases WHERE source='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf
user = mailuser
password = mailuserpass
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT email FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf

user = mailuser

password = mailuserpass

hosts = 127.0.0.1

dbname = mailserver

query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_domains WHERE name='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf

user = mailuser

password = mailuserpass

hosts = 127.0.0.1

dbname = mailserver

query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf

user = mailuser

password = mailuserpass

hosts = 127.0.0.1

dbname = mailserver

query = SELECT destination FROM virtual_aliases WHERE source='%s'

#vim /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf

user = mailuser

password = mailuserpass

hosts = 127.0.0.1

dbname = mailserver

query = SELECT email FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'

Należy zrestartować teraz posftixa:

service postfix restart

1	service postfix restart

Przetestujmy czy nasz backend działa poprawnie:

postmap -q example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
postmap -q mail@example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
postmap -q webmaster@example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf

postmap -q example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf

postmap -q mail@example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf

postmap -q webmaster@example.com mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf

Następne operacje wykonywać będziemy na master.cf

vim /etc/postfix/master.cf 

#
# Postfix master process configuration file.  For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp      inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
#smtp      inet  n       -       -       -       1       postscreen
#smtpd     pass  -       -       -       -       -       smtpd
#dnsblog   unix  -       -       -       -       0       dnsblog
#tlsproxy  unix  -       -       -       -       0       tlsproxy
submission inet n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps     inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

#628       inet  n       -       -       -       -       qmqpd
pickup    unix  n       -       -       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      unix  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
#qmgr     unix  n       -       n       300     1       oqmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       -       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       -       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       -       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       -       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
proxywrite unix -       -       n       -       1       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       -       -       -       smtp
relay     unix  -       -       -       -       -       smtp
#       -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq     unix  n       -       -       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       -       -       -       error
retry     unix  -       -       -       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       -       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       -       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       -       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       -       -       1       scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent.  See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
#   lmtp    cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
#  mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#  virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix  -       n       n       -       2       pipe
  flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
  ${nexthop} ${user}

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vim /etc/postfix/master.cf

# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format

# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").

# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.

# ==========================================================================

# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args

# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)

# ==========================================================================

smtp inet n - - - - smtpd

#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen

#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd

#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog

#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy

submission inet n - - - - smtpd

-o syslog_name=postfix/submission

-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt

-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes

-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject

-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

smtps inet n - - - - smtpd

-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps

-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes

-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes

-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject

-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd

pickup unix n - - 60 1 pickup

cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup

qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr

#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr

tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr

rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite

bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce

defer unix - - - - 0 bounce

trace unix - - - - 0 bounce

verify unix - - - - 1 verify

flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush

proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap

proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap

smtp unix - - - - - smtp

relay unix - - - - - smtp

# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5

showq unix n - - - - showq

error unix - - - - - error

retry unix - - - - - error

discard unix - - - - - discard

local unix - n n - - local

virtual unix - n n - - virtual

lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp

anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil

scache unix - - - - 1 scache

# ====================================================================

# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual

# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.

# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery

# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}

# and other message envelope options.

# ====================================================================

# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.

# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1

maildrop unix - n n - - pipe

flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}

# ====================================================================

# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.

# Specify in cyrus.conf:

# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4

# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:

# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost

# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost

# ====================================================================

# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)

# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1

#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe

# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}

# ====================================================================

# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.

#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe

# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}

# ====================================================================

# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.

uucp unix - n n - - pipe

flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)

# Other external delivery methods.

ifmail unix - n n - - pipe

flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)

bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe

flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient

scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe

flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}

mailman unix - n n - - pipe

flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py

${nexthop} ${user}

Wygląda to przerażająco, ale dla pewności podaje wam całe pliki, zamiast co w nich zmienić gdyż z kolejnymi wersjami plik referencyujny konfiguracji może różnić się.

Zrestartujmy teraz postfix-a bo z nim już skończyliśmy 🙂

service postfix restart

1	service postfix restart

3. Dovecot

Tutaj warto zrobić kopię plików, na których pracujemy

cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf.orig
cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf.orig

cp /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf.orig

Edytujemy dovecot.conf

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
---
## Dovecot configuration file

# If you're in a hurry, see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/QuickConfiguration

# "doveconf -n" command gives a clean output of the changed settings. Use it
# instead of copy&pasting files when posting to the Dovecot mailing list.

# '#' character and everything after it is treated as comments. Extra spaces
# and tabs are ignored. If you want to use either of these explicitly, put the
# value inside quotes, eg.: key = "# char and trailing whitespace  "

# Default values are shown for each setting, it's not required to uncomment
# those. These are exceptions to this though: No sections (e.g. namespace {})
# or plugin settings are added by default, they're listed only as examples.
# Paths are also just examples with the real defaults being based on configure
# options. The paths listed here are for configure --prefix=/usr
# --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var

# Enable installed protocols
!include_try /usr/share/dovecot/protocols.d/*.protocol
protocols = imap lmtp

# A comma separated list of IPs or hosts where to listen in for connections. 
# "*" listens in all IPv4 interfaces, "::" listens in all IPv6 interfaces.
# If you want to specify non-default ports or anything more complex,
# edit conf.d/master.conf.
#listen = *, ::

# Base directory where to store runtime data.
#base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/

# Name of this instance. Used to prefix all Dovecot processes in ps output.
#instance_name = dovecot

# Greeting message for clients.
#login_greeting = Dovecot ready.

# Space separated list of trusted network ranges. Connections from these
# IPs are allowed to override their IP addresses and ports (for logging and
# for authentication checks). disable_plaintext_auth is also ignored for
# these networks. Typically you'd specify the IMAP proxy servers here.
#login_trusted_networks =

# Sepace separated list of login access check sockets (e.g. tcpwrap)
#login_access_sockets = 

# Show more verbose process titles (in ps). Currently shows user name and
# IP address. Useful for seeing who are actually using the IMAP processes
# (eg. shared mailboxes or if same uid is used for multiple accounts).
#verbose_proctitle = no

# Should all processes be killed when Dovecot master process shuts down.
# Setting this to "no" means that Dovecot can be upgraded without
# forcing existing client connections to close (although that could also be
# a problem if the upgrade is e.g. because of a security fix).
#shutdown_clients = yes

# If non-zero, run mail commands via this many connections to doveadm server,
# instead of running them directly in the same process.
#doveadm_worker_count = 0
# UNIX socket or host:port used for connecting to doveadm server
#doveadm_socket_path = doveadm-server

# Space separated list of environment variables that are preserved on Dovecot
# startup and passed down to all of its child processes. You can also give
# key=value pairs to always set specific settings.
#import_environment = TZ

##
## Dictionary server settings
##

# Dictionary can be used to store key=value lists. This is used by several
# plugins. The dictionary can be accessed either directly or though a
# dictionary server. The following dict block maps dictionary names to URIs
# when the server is used. These can then be referenced using URIs in format
# "proxy::<name>".

dict {
  #quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
  #expire = sqlite:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
}

# Most of the actual configuration gets included below. The filenames are
# first sorted by their ASCII value and parsed in that order. The 00-prefixes
# in filenames are intended to make it easier to understand the ordering.
!include conf.d/*.conf

# A config file can also tried to be included without giving an error if
# it's not found:
!include_try local.conf

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

---

## Dovecot configuration file

# If you're in a hurry, see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/QuickConfiguration

# "doveconf -n" command gives a clean output of the changed settings. Use it

# instead of copy&pasting files when posting to the Dovecot mailing list.

# '#' character and everything after it is treated as comments. Extra spaces

# and tabs are ignored. If you want to use either of these explicitly, put the

# value inside quotes, eg.: key = "# char and trailing whitespace "

# Default values are shown for each setting, it's not required to uncomment

# those. These are exceptions to this though: No sections (e.g. namespace {})

# or plugin settings are added by default, they're listed only as examples.

# Paths are also just examples with the real defaults being based on configure

# options. The paths listed here are for configure --prefix=/usr

# --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var

# Enable installed protocols

!include_try /usr/share/dovecot/protocols.d/*.protocol

protocols = imap lmtp

# A comma separated list of IPs or hosts where to listen in for connections.

# "*" listens in all IPv4 interfaces, "::" listens in all IPv6 interfaces.

# If you want to specify non-default ports or anything more complex,

# edit conf.d/master.conf.

#listen = *, ::

# Base directory where to store runtime data.

#base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/

# Name of this instance. Used to prefix all Dovecot processes in ps output.

#instance_name = dovecot

# Greeting message for clients.

#login_greeting = Dovecot ready.

# Space separated list of trusted network ranges. Connections from these

# IPs are allowed to override their IP addresses and ports (for logging and

# for authentication checks). disable_plaintext_auth is also ignored for

# these networks. Typically you'd specify the IMAP proxy servers here.

#login_trusted_networks =

# Sepace separated list of login access check sockets (e.g. tcpwrap)

#login_access_sockets =

# Show more verbose process titles (in ps). Currently shows user name and

# IP address. Useful for seeing who are actually using the IMAP processes

# (eg. shared mailboxes or if same uid is used for multiple accounts).

#verbose_proctitle = no

# Should all processes be killed when Dovecot master process shuts down.

# Setting this to "no" means that Dovecot can be upgraded without

# forcing existing client connections to close (although that could also be

# a problem if the upgrade is e.g. because of a security fix).

#shutdown_clients = yes

# If non-zero, run mail commands via this many connections to doveadm server,

# instead of running them directly in the same process.

#doveadm_worker_count = 0

# UNIX socket or host:port used for connecting to doveadm server

#doveadm_socket_path = doveadm-server

# Space separated list of environment variables that are preserved on Dovecot

# startup and passed down to all of its child processes. You can also give

# key=value pairs to always set specific settings.

#import_environment = TZ

## Dictionary server settings

# Dictionary can be used to store key=value lists. This is used by several

# plugins. The dictionary can be accessed either directly or though a

# dictionary server. The following dict block maps dictionary names to URIs

# when the server is used. These can then be referenced using URIs in format

# "proxy::<name>".

dict {

#quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext

#expire = sqlite:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext

}

# Most of the actual configuration gets included below. The filenames are

# first sorted by their ASCII value and parsed in that order. The 00-prefixes

# in filenames are intended to make it easier to understand the ordering.

!include conf.d/*.conf

# A config file can also tried to be included without giving an error if

# it's not found:

!include_try local.conf

Następnie od/komentowujemy linie zgodnie z poniższą zawartością

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
---
mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n
...
mail_privileged_group = mail
---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
--
disable_plaintext_auth = yes
...
auth_mechanisms = plain login
...
#!include auth-system.conf.ext
!include auth-sql.conf.ext
--

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext
---
passdb {
  driver = sql
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
}
userdb {
  driver = static
  args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n
}
---

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
---
driver = mysql
connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=mailserver user=mailuser password=mailuserpass
default_pass_scheme = SHA512-CRYPT
password_query = SELECT email as user, password FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%u';
---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
---
#default_process_limit = 100
#default_client_limit = 1000

# Default VSZ (virtual memory size) limit for service processes. This is mainly
# intended to catch and kill processes that leak memory before they eat up
# everything.
#default_vsz_limit = 256M

# Login user is internally used by login processes. This is the most untrusted
# user in Dovecot system. It shouldn't have access to anything at all.
#default_login_user = dovenull

# Internal user is used by unprivileged processes. It should be separate from
# login user, so that login processes can't disturb other processes.
#default_internal_user = dovecot

service imap-login {
  inet_listener imap {
    #port = 0
  }
  inet_listener imaps {
    port = 993
    ssl = yes
  }

  # Number of connections to handle before starting a new process. Typically
  # the only useful values are 0 (unlimited) or 1. 1 is more secure, but 0
  # is faster. <doc/wiki/LoginProcess.txt>
  #service_count = 1

  # Number of processes to always keep waiting for more connections.
  #process_min_avail = 0

  # If you set service_count=0, you probably need to grow this.
  #vsz_limit = 64M
}

service pop3-login {
  inet_listener pop3 {
    port = 0
  }
  inet_listener pop3s {
    #port = 995
    #ssl = yes
  }
}

service lmtp {
 unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
   mode = 0600
   user = postfix
   group = postfix
  }
  # Create inet listener only if you can't use the above UNIX socket
  #inet_listener lmtp {
    # Avoid making LMTP visible for the entire internet
    #address =
    #port = 
  #}
}

service imap {
  # Most of the memory goes to mmap()ing files. You may need to increase this
  # limit if you have huge mailboxes.
  #vsz_limit = 256M

  # Max. number of IMAP processes (connections)
  #process_limit = 1024
}

service pop3 {
  # Max. number of POP3 processes (connections)
  #process_limit = 1024
}

service auth {
  # auth_socket_path points to this userdb socket by default. It's typically
  # used by dovecot-lda, doveadm, possibly imap process, etc. Its default
  # permissions make it readable only by root, but you may need to relax these
  # permissions. Users that have access to this socket are able to get a list
  # of all usernames and get results of everyone's userdb lookups.
  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
    mode = 0666
    user = postfix
    group = postfix
  }

  unix_listener auth-userdb {
    mode = 0600
    user = vmail
    #group = vmail
  }

  # Postfix smtp-auth
  #unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
  #  mode = 0666
  #}

  # Auth process is run as this user.
  user = dovecot
}

service auth-worker {
  # Auth worker process is run as root by default, so that it can access
  # /etc/shadow. If this isn't necessary, the user should be changed to
  # $default_internal_user.
  user = vmail
}

service dict {
  # If dict proxy is used, mail processes should have access to its socket.
  # For example: mode=0660, group=vmail and global mail_access_groups=vmail
  unix_listener dict {
    #mode = 0600
    #user = 
    #group = 
  }
}
---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf 
---
ssl = required
...
ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/mail.crt
ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/mail.key
---

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vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf

---

mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n

...

mail_privileged_group = mail

---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf

disable_plaintext_auth = yes

...

auth_mechanisms = plain login

...

#!include auth-system.conf.ext

!include auth-sql.conf.ext

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext

---

passdb {

driver = sql

args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext

}

userdb {

driver = static

args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/var/mail/vhosts/%d/%n

}

---

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext

---

driver = mysql

connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=mailserver user=mailuser password=mailuserpass

default_pass_scheme = SHA512-CRYPT

password_query = SELECT email as user, password FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%u';

---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf

---

#default_process_limit = 100

#default_client_limit = 1000

# Default VSZ (virtual memory size) limit for service processes. This is mainly

# intended to catch and kill processes that leak memory before they eat up

# everything.

#default_vsz_limit = 256M

# Login user is internally used by login processes. This is the most untrusted

# user in Dovecot system. It shouldn't have access to anything at all.

#default_login_user = dovenull

# Internal user is used by unprivileged processes. It should be separate from

# login user, so that login processes can't disturb other processes.

#default_internal_user = dovecot

service imap-login {

inet_listener imap {

#port = 0

}

inet_listener imaps {

port = 993

ssl = yes

}

# Number of connections to handle before starting a new process. Typically

# the only useful values are 0 (unlimited) or 1. 1 is more secure, but 0

# is faster. <doc/wiki/LoginProcess.txt>

#service_count = 1

# Number of processes to always keep waiting for more connections.

#process_min_avail = 0

# If you set service_count=0, you probably need to grow this.

#vsz_limit = 64M

}

service pop3-login {

inet_listener pop3 {

port = 0

}

inet_listener pop3s {

#port = 995

#ssl = yes

}

service lmtp {

unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {

mode = 0600

user = postfix

group = postfix

}

# Create inet listener only if you can't use the above UNIX socket

#inet_listener lmtp {

# Avoid making LMTP visible for the entire internet

#address =

#port =

}

service imap {

# Most of the memory goes to mmap()ing files. You may need to increase this

# limit if you have huge mailboxes.

#vsz_limit = 256M

# Max. number of IMAP processes (connections)

#process_limit = 1024

}

service pop3 {

# Max. number of POP3 processes (connections)

#process_limit = 1024

}

service auth {

# auth_socket_path points to this userdb socket by default. It's typically

# used by dovecot-lda, doveadm, possibly imap process, etc. Its default

# permissions make it readable only by root, but you may need to relax these

# permissions. Users that have access to this socket are able to get a list

# of all usernames and get results of everyone's userdb lookups.

unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {

mode = 0666

user = postfix

group = postfix

}

unix_listener auth-userdb {

mode = 0600

user = vmail

#group = vmail

}

# Postfix smtp-auth

#unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {

# mode = 0666

# Auth process is run as this user.

user = dovecot

}

service auth-worker {

# Auth worker process is run as root by default, so that it can access

# /etc/shadow. If this isn't necessary, the user should be changed to

# $default_internal_user.

user = vmail

}

service dict {

# If dict proxy is used, mail processes should have access to its socket.

# For example: mode=0660, group=vmail and global mail_access_groups=vmail

unix_listener dict {

#mode = 0600

#user =

#group =

}

---

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf

---

ssl = required

...

ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/mail.crt

ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/mail.key

---

Utwórzmy wymaganego użytkownika vmail

groupadd -g 5000 vmail
useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /var/mail
mkdir -p /var/mail/vhosts/example.com/
chown -R vmail:vmail /var/mail
chown -R vmail:dovecot /etc/dovecot
chmod -R o-rwx /etc/dovecot

groupadd -g 5000 vmail

useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /var/mail

mkdir -p /var/mail/vhosts/example.com/

chown -R vmail:vmail /var/mail

chown -R vmail:dovecot /etc/dovecot

chmod -R o-rwx /etc/dovecot

Resetujemy dovecot-a

service dovecot restart

1	service dovecot restart

4. Dodawanie nowych kont mailowych

mysql -u root -p mailserver

#domena
INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains`
  (`name`)
VALUES
  ('newdomain.com');

#konto
INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_users`
  (`domain_id`, `password` , `email`)
VALUES
  ('5', ENCRYPT('newpassword', CONCAT('$6$', SUBSTRING(SHA(RAND()), -16))) , 'email3@newdomain.com');

#alias
INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`
  (`domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)
VALUES
  ('5', 'alias@newdomain.com', 'myemail@gmail.com');

#alias łapiący wszystko dla domeny
INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`
  (`domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)
VALUES
  ('5', '@newdomain.com', 'myemail@gmail.com');

mysql -u root -p mailserver

#domena

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains`

(`name`)

VALUES

('newdomain.com');

#konto

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_users`

(`domain_id`, `password` , `email`)

VALUES

('5', ENCRYPT('newpassword', CONCAT('$6$', SUBSTRING(SHA(RAND()), -16))) , 'email3@newdomain.com');

#alias

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`

(`domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)

VALUES

('5', 'alias@newdomain.com', 'myemail@gmail.com');

#alias łapiący wszystko dla domeny

INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_aliases`

(`domain_id`, `source`, `destination`)

VALUES

('5', '@newdomain.com', 'myemail@gmail.com');

5. SPAM

Zapraszam także do zapoznania się z wpisamy dotyczącymi walki ze spam-em:

Walka ze spamem cz.1 – Postfix SPF

Walka ze spamem cz.2 – Postfix DKIM

Walka ze spamem cz.3 – Postfix DMARC

Walka ze spamem cz.4 – Postfix SpamAssassin

Walka ze spamem cz.5 – Dovecot Sieve

Luty 2019
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« Gru
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4	5	6	7	8	9	10
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